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21 Essential Things To Know Before Training A Service Dog

Updated: Sep 30



A dog laying down next to person on grass

Article reflects Canine Assistance Puerto Rico LLC policies and training procedures.

Choosing to team up with a service dog is a significant choice that will have a lasting impact on your life. While many of the resulting changes are positive, it's important to acknowledge that having a service dog can also present challenges!


Below are key insights we've gained over the years that are essential for your success with your service dog prospect.


1. Service Dogs are Living Beings, Not Machines


Service dogs undergo extensive training and are reliable in various situations, but they are first and foremost dogs. They are living creatures that can have accidents. It's important to be ready for the possibility of your service dog having accidents like urinating, defecating, or vomiting in public. Service dogs can also have off days when they may misbehave, not obey commands as well, or become distracted. Depending on the severity of their behavior, you may have to leave them at home or stay home yourself.


Your dog will likely experience illnesses at some point. They may need veterinary attention, so it's crucial to be financially prepared for such situations. You should also plan how to manage when your service dog is unavailable. Consult your healthcare provider for additional strategies to help you through that period.


2. Patience is Key


Whether you are in the process of training your own service dog or acquiring a fully trained dog from a program, it is important to proceed at a measured pace. There is a tendency for individuals to want to immediately start bringing their service dog or prospect everywhere with them. It is crucial to not overlook subtle signs of stress in the dog, such as sleeping, yawning, stillness, or stiffness, which may be mistakenly interpreted as signs of relaxation.

Invest time in establishing strong foundations. Remember, it is not a competition. Many dogs that show exceptional abilities at a young age often end up experiencing burnout or developing behavioral issues that result in premature retirement. Practice patience and dedicate time to nurturing your bond. If you have a puppy, allow them to enjoy being a puppy. Spending a year or more focusing on mastering the fundamentals will lead to a decade of fruitful companionship.



3. Training is a Continuous Process


It is crucial to maintain the sharpness and skills of your service dog consistently. The saying “Use it or lose it” is particularly relevant in this scenario. Regardless of whether your dog comes from a professional training program or you are training them yourself, regular training sessions are essential to ensure that you both perform at your best.

Training serves as a great mental exercise for your dog, helps to expend excess energy, and prevents boredom or unwanted behaviors. Moreover, training can be highly enjoyable! Consistent training, even if just for a few minutes each day, will strengthen the bond and communication between you and your service dog.



4. Service Dogs Are Not a Cure


It's common to believe that once you have your service dog by your side, everything will improve. You may have waited for this moment for a long time, perhaps two years or more, and now it has finally arrived. While having a service dog can indeed transform your life by opening up new opportunities, it's essential to understand that a service dog is not a miraculous solution. In reality, it can sometimes make life more challenging. Tasks will take longer, you'll attract constant attention, and you'll have the added responsibility of caring for another life.


  • If you face mobility issues, how will you manage taking your dog for walks and bathroom breaks?

  • If you experience social anxiety, how will you cope with the public's stares and comments?


These are crucial considerations. It's important not to underestimate the value of incorporating other healthcare resources alongside your service dog. Remember that service dogs are living beings, and unforeseen events can occur. Relying solely on your dog for your well-being may lead to complications.


If your dog requires a break, it could be challenging for you to provide them with the necessary time and space if your entire life revolves around them. In the event of your service dog falling ill or getting injured, you must prioritize their needs over your own and allow them to rest and recover. Furthermore, there are places where it may not be safe to bring a dog, and you'll need to manage without them. It's inevitable that your service dog will eventually pass away. Dealing with such a loss, especially suddenly, can create a difficult situation compounded by emotional stress.


When faced with such scenarios, what will you do? A service dog forms just one aspect of a comprehensive care plan. Whether it involves medication, therapy, physical exercises, dietary adjustments, or other methods, exploring various treatment options and determining what suits you best is crucial. Be prepared for situations where your dog is unable or should not be working.



5. Expect People to Be Very Curious


It is uncommon for people to see dogs in public, especially inside places like grocery stores, hospitals, and malls where pets are not typically allowed. However, in Puerto Rico, it is common to see many pets inside malls. While some individuals adore dogs, others may not be fond of them. There are people who fear dogs or have allergies to them.


Be prepared for individuals who may approach you and your dog out of curiosity. Most people are genuinely interested and eager to learn more, particularly when it comes to service dogs that bring immense joy. Many members of the public may have never encountered a dog that is as well-trained as a service dog, which can be truly remarkable!


Occasionally, these curious individuals may include children, the elderly, or individuals with disabilities. They might attempt to pet your service dog, play with them, make noises, or even try to feed them.


There is a possibility that you may come across individuals who do not have a favorable opinion of you and your service dog. They might make negative comments, either quietly or loudly. While instances of aggression like having the leash taken away or being yelled at are rare, they do occur. Thankfully, such occurrences are not the norm.


6. Only a Select Few Possess the Necessary Qualities


Being a service dog is an extremely challenging role. It goes beyond just behaving well in public and providing emotional support to their handler. A service dog must exhibit the right temperament and undergo rigorous training to be dependable in any given situation. For instance, if a child suddenly approaches and touches a service dog's face, the dog should be able to remain composed and unfazed. A service dog must maintain focus on their handler even in distracting scenarios, such as the smell of cooking chicken or bacon nearby, or when a female dog in heat is nearby, while also being completely reliable.

A service dog must stay composed and attentive even when their handler is experiencing distress. It is common to mistake a dog's anxiety for an "alert" or "concern," rather than recognizing it as a learned behavior.


A service dog's reaction to their handler's emotional state should be a trained behavior, not an emotional response of their own.

Even dogs that have been selectively bred and carefully chosen over generations to become service dogs have a significant dropout rate. This fact should emphasize the challenges involved. It is crucial to seek guidance from a behaviorist like Canine Assistance Puerto Rico and/or a service dog trainer such as T. Keck when selecting a dog to train for this role. Leaving it to chance is not advisable, as the odds are not in your favor.


7. You Are a Representative of the Service Dog Community


When you form a service dog team, you also serve as an ambassador for the service dog community at large. In certain instances, you may be the first or only service dog team that someone encounters. Businesses, fellow dog owners, potential service dog handlers, children, and others will observe and learn from your behavior to understand the role and responsibilities of a service dog.


In the United States, we are fortunate to have laws that facilitate the use of service dogs for those in need, providing us with extensive access rights. To maintain this privilege, we must uphold the highest standards possible. Let's not give any authority a reason to intervene and limit our freedoms.


  • Always conduct yourself in a professional manner.

  • Maintain your dog's cleanliness and grooming, including their equipment.

  • Ensure that your service dog's behavior is impeccable. If you encounter any challenges, seek assistance from a trainer or behaviorist promptly. This is crucial for your safety and that of those around you.

  • When appropriate, take the opportunity to educate those in need. 

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8. You Are Not Obligated to Possess an ID or Other Documentation


The Department of Justice explicitly states in their Service Animal FAQ that service dog handlers are not required to have any special registration or ID in order to be granted access to public places. According to the DOJ, "Covered entities cannot demand documentation, such as proof of certification, training, or licensing as a service animal, as a condition for entry. However not all entities are covered by DOJ jurisdiction. There are individuals and organizations selling service animal certification or registration papers online. These papers do not confer any rights under the ADA, and the Department of Justice does not recognize them as proof that the dog is a service animal". It may be tempting to buy a service dog ID from Amazon to simplify things.


Some establishments may not be aware of the regulations and may ask for such an ID. The appropriate course of action in such a situation is to politely educate them about the laws and, if they persist, to show them a printed copy or bookmarked version of the ADA FAQs on your phone.



9. Although the law allows service dogs to be dressed in any manner, including no attire at all, once you reach Level 3, we mandate that dogs wear an identifying vest or cape.


Many handlers are unaware that their service dog is not obligated to wear specific gear, such as a harness, vest, patches, or any other items. While it can be beneficial in making daily life easier and signaling to others from a distance that your dog is on duty and should not be disturbed, it is not mandatory. Some individuals may overlook the visual cues provided by vests or patches and may still attempt to interact with your dog, regardless of the clear indicators.


It is important to note that Canine Assistance Puerto Rico strongly recommends that your dog always wears an identifying cape while working.



10. Prepare for Challenges with Access


Regrettably, there is a lack of awareness about service dog laws among the general public. This lack of knowledge can create difficulties when attempting to enter establishments with your dog. These access challenges can vary from minor inconveniences to lengthy and distressing experiences that might involve legal authorities and even court appearances. It is crucial to be ready for such situations. The most important measure you can take is to be well-versed in the laws and regulations that protect your rights. Familiarize yourself with federal laws, state laws, as well as laws related to housing, air travel, employment, and any other relevant areas. Study them thoroughly, take notes, and ensure that your support network is also knowledgeable about these laws. Having someone who can intervene and support you in case of a dispute can make a significant difference. Practice how you might respond in front of a mirror to be as prepared as possible.


If you have any uncertainties, refer to the FAQs about Service Animals and the ADA.


Access disputes can be intimidating, especially if you struggle with anxiety or have difficulties with communication due to your disabilities. It is essential to remain composed. Some individuals opt to record the situation using their phones. However, this action is often perceived as confrontational and could escalate the conflict.  In several states, all parties involved in the conversation must be informed about the recording beforehand, to avoid violating wiretapping laws. An alternative to recording is to take immediate notes about the incident, including what was said and who was present, along with the date, time, and location. Politely cite the relevant laws and, if possible, educate the other party. If law enforcement gets involved, cooperate with their instructions. If the issue cannot be resolved on the spot, make sure to report it to the Department of Justice afterward and follow up to prevent other service dog handlers from facing similar challenges.


11. Service Dogs Come with a High Price Tag


Raising and training these dogs requires significant time and effort. While there are programs that provide dogs at no cost or assist with fundraising, this is not always available.


It's important to remember that the financial responsibilities persist even after your dog is fully trained. Your service dog relies on you to ensure their well-being and top-notch condition, which includes providing high-quality food, veterinary care (including emergencies), grooming, training, and other necessary supplies.


12. Activities Will Require More Time


Bringing a service dog along is similar to going out with a toddler. The days of quick runs to the store will be a thing of the past. You'll have to outfit your dog (with a vest, shoes, etc.), give them a brief grooming, ensure they've relieved themselves, and then load them into the car with an appropriate car seat. That's the simple part!

It's likely that you'll be approached by curious onlookers while doing your chores. A brief five-minute trip for milk could easily morph into a half-hour adventure complete with inquiries, compliments, and expressions of admiration like "What a cute puppy!" "May I pet your dog?" "What's the matter with you?" and so forth. The checkout process will be twice as long due to the cashier inevitably striking up a conversation.

Naturally, this is assuming smooth sailing without encountering any access issues or other challenges. If you opt to have a service dog, be prepared for outings to take at least twice as long.


13. It's your responsibility to protect Your Service Dog


Just as your service dog plays a crucial role in keeping you secure medically, it is incumbent upon you to ensure their safety.


This entails outfitting them with protective gear when necessary, such as specialized boots, eyewear, or a coat. While traveling, utilizing a safety harness or a robust crate is essential to safeguard your service dog in case of an accident.


Remaining vigilant for potential threats to your dog, whether from other animals or individuals, is vital. If an unfamiliar dog approaches your service dog aggressively, you must be prepared to shield them from harm. Additionally, watch out for hazardous plants or debris that could pose a danger if consumed. If your dog cannot be trusted alone at home, using a crate is a reliable safety measure.


Ensure that the gear you use fits your dog properly and is suitable for their needs. Some training tools may impede movement and harm your service dog's joints. Verify that any tasks you assign your dog are safe given their size and physique.


Service dogs often exceed their limits in their eagerness to please us, unaware of the risks involved. Dogs are inherently selfless and loyal, so it is our duty as responsible handlers to prioritize their well-being.


14. Maintain Your Service Dog's Fitness


To ensure your dog's longevity and well-being, it is crucial to keep them in good physical condition. Service dogs experience more physical strain than typical pets, making their fitness level of utmost importance. It is essential not to engage in any mobility tasks with an overweight service dog, as even a slight excess weight can increase the risk of injury, illness, and a shorter lifespan.


Despite the challenges posed by your disabilities, finding ways to exercise outdoors with your service dog is vital. Body awareness exercises can be performed in limited space and can also benefit your dog's public accessibility skills. If needed, consider hiring a dog walker to help keep your service dog active.


15. Explore Alternatives Beyond Utilizing a Service Dog


While a service dog is beneficial, it may not always be the most suitable option for managing your disability. It is essential to engage with a healthcare professional and a skilled trainer when considering acquiring a service dog. These professionals can evaluate whether the advantages of having a service dog outweigh the disadvantages for you and determine if a dog can effectively aid with your specific disabilities.


While dogs can be trained to carry out various tasks and may push themselves to please us, it is crucial not to overload them. While a larger breed dog may offer physical support, using assistive devices like a cane, walker, or wheelchair might be a more appropriate solution. Regardless of the dog's size, placing strain on their body, such as for bracing purposes, can significantly reduce their working lifespan and result in future health issues.

On the other hand, a service dog may not be the most suitable option for certain disabilities. For example, if you have social anxiety, the attention attracted by having a dog with you constantly could exacerbate your condition more than the benefits it brings.



16. Having a Service Dog is Challenging


After reading this article, you may now understand that having a service dog is no walk in the park. It can be tiring, especially if you opt to train your own service dog.


You will have to tackle tasks like housebreaking, dealing with puppy behavior, teaching manners, attending training sessions, and ensuring they are well-socialized. Service dogs come with a high cost and can attract unwanted attention and access issues. Running errands will take longer with a service dog by your side. Remember, service dogs are still dogs, so there's no need to feel self-conscious about having them in public.

If you have physical limitations, you will need to figure out ways to keep your dog active and healthy. Training and caring for a service dog is physically strenuous.

Service dogs require a significant amount of effort. Don't underestimate the commitment required.



17. You May Not Have an Immediate Bond (and That's Perfectly Fine!)


Do you become best friends with everyone you meet right away? Probably not. Building relationships takes time, and the same goes for service dog teams. Don't feel discouraged if things don't click immediately. The bonding process can sometimes take as long as a year!

Whether you're beginning with a young puppy or receiving a fully trained adult dog, invest time in getting acquainted. Training sessions can be incredibly beneficial. Take it easy and progress gradually at a pace that suits your bond. What works for one team may not work for another. Avoid rushing! Learn each other's cues, routines, and how to communicate effectively. Investing time initially to establish a solid foundation will significantly enhance your chances of success and cultivate a strong partnership. Starting with Canine Assistance Puerto Rico's Masters or Paradise Life Programs will assist you through this journey and eliminate any guesswork.


18. Empower Yourself (and Others)


Information is power. You can’t exercise your rights if you don’t know what they are. Many people believe that the laws governing the use of service animals in the United States need to be changed to help cut down on “fakers.” However, what they fail to recognize is that the root of the problem lies not in the laws themselves, but in the widespread lack of awareness about them. There is a significant lack in education on this subject.

Education serves as our most potent weapon. The majority of misunderstandings stem from ignorance rather than ill intentions and maliciousness. People just don’t know. They are very willing to learn though! If you are able to take the time to teach someone about service dogs, you may be met with surprise and gratefulness. For the most part, people are so thankful to finally know and understand the laws. If you are able, take the time to educate those you come in contact with and you will be giving them as well as other handlers a great gift.


19. Prioritize Needs Over Breed


When selecting a potential service dog, the breed plays a significant role. Breeds have been carefully chosen over generations to enhance specific characteristics suited for particular tasks. Whether it's independence, retrieval skills, swimming capabilities, herding instincts, protective nature, or other traits, these qualities will become evident over time.


It's important not to be swayed by appearances or personal preferences when choosing a prospect. The primary focus should be on how well the service dog can assist with your disability. They must possess the essential traits to function effectively in public and manage various situations.


While a flashy sports car may look appealing and impressive, it may not be suitable for a family with four young children. Similarly, a Belgian Malinois might seem impressive and exciting to train, but it may not be the best choice for a disabled individual with limited training experience who spends most of the day in bed. Although Australian Shepherds or German Shepherds are beautiful and highly responsive to their handlers, they may not be ideal for individuals prone to anxiety or psychiatric conditions.

Choose a dog that fulfills your service dog requirements above all else. If they also happen to belong to a breed you adore, that's wonderful! If not, that's perfectly fine. Be confident that you are making the best decision for your health and overall well-being.


20. Not Everyone Will Give Their Approval


Receiving your service dog or prospect can be an incredibly thrilling moment in your life. It's easy to assume that everyone around you shares in this joy, but unfortunately, that's not always the case.


Just as it's hard to comprehend chronic illness/pain/injury when you're healthy, not everyone grasps the positive impact a service dog has on its disabled handler's life. Some may only notice the attention the dog attracts in public or the perceived inconvenience they bring to various activities. Allergies to dogs present another set of challenges.

You may discover that you lose touch with some old friends or get excluded from family gatherings if you insist on having "the dog" with you. This can be a deeply painful experience. Ultimately, you must determine what is best for you and your circumstances and choose your battles wisely.

The people who truly care about you will embrace and support you, dog included. If having a service dog is crucial for your well-being, you'll need to toughen up a bit and advocate for yourself. Your health should always come first, even if others fail to understand that. 


21. Dealing with Doubts


Just like in any partnership, there will be highs and lows when working with your service dog. If you are training and raising your own service dog, you will have to navigate through their adolescence phase. When faced with challenges like negative attention and access disputes, you may question if the efforts are worthwhile.

At times, the advantages of having a service dog may not seem to outweigh the disadvantages. However, there are instances where having a service dog is the right decision for you. It is crucial to carefully consider this before embarking on this journey. Remember, you are not alone. Doubts are a common experience for every disabled individual with a service dog. When you find yourself in a difficult situation, having the support of those around you is essential. This support can come from family, friends, fellow handlers (both in person and online), or a professional trainer/behaviorist.

It is advisable not to make significant decisions without seeking advice from a trained professional. They can provide you with unbiased guidance based on their expertise and years of experience. In the meantime, rely on the love and care of those who are close to you. Remember, you do not have to face this alone.



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